Shock is a term used loosely and often incorrectly. In both human and animal terms, it is much more serious than the slight feeling of malaise that occurs after a minor accident or fright that is often called 'shock'. Going into shock means a lack of blood circulating around your cat's system, which can be fatal. If you suspect your cat is going into shock contact your vet immediately.

Recognising the warning signs

• Weakness, convulsions or collapse, caused by the brain being starved of oxygen.
• Unconsciousness.
• Cold ears and paws, and very pale gums.
• Rapid, but weak pulse.
• Rapid breathing.
• Fixated stare with dilated, enlarged pupils.

If you spot any of these symptoms

• Call your vet immediately. Time is vital and intravenous fluids could be required.
• Wrap your cat in a blanket or towel to conserve body heat, but don't apply any direct heat - for example, a hot-water bottle - as this diverts blood away from the brain and the internal organs to the skin.
• If your cat is unconscious, keep the head as low as, or lower than, the rest of the body.
• Gently massage legs and muscles to maintain circulation, unless you suspect there may be a fracture or break.
• If necessary, give artificial respiration and cover any extensive wounds with a damp, clean cloth.

If you can't get to a vet

• If you can't get your cat to a vet immediately, contact the practice by phone for advice before you provide any treatment yourself. Shock, generally accompanied by injury, can be complex and contradictory. Explain your cat's symptoms very carefully, in case specific action is required.
• Never give anything by mouth if your dog is unconscious, convulsing or vomiting.
• If your cat is conscious, your vet may advise you offer an appropriate amount of food and water, but always speak to a vet before feeding anything.
• Take your cat's pulse and breathing rate every 30 minutes, by placing two fingers inside the groin, where the hind leg joins the body. Keep a record for when the vet can get to you.
• Note any blood in urine, or other danger signals, and report these details to the vet.
  Remember that shock can be fatal and veterinary attention is vital, so keep trying to contact your veterinary practice.